Now, more than ever, there seems to be very little we can predict and hold onto. Every day we hear new reports about climbing COVID cases as we struggle to practice safety measures, keep up with work, manage bored kids and keep our sanity intact. It can all feel like too much.
Of course, in the midst of trying to keep your head above your water, there’s nothing like a defiant tween or teen with ADHD to put you over the edge. Angry and frustrated with the many changes to their lives wrought by COVID and feeling helpless to do anything, many kids are acting out in ways that are often inappropriate. It seems that they’ve taken a giant step backwards in managing their distress. With their executive functioning challenges related to emotional and impulse control, scattered kids are prone to intense pushback and aggressive anger. What can you do to help them manage their big feelings and reduce family conflict?
Coping with ADHS and the dramatic changes from COVID pandemic
Teens and tweens with ADHD whose brains mature more slowly than their neurotypical peers are particularly torn between what they would like to be capable of doing and what they can actually accomplish. They’re often very frustrated with themselves and, unable to tolerate their shame, act out their personal dissatisfaction towards others–often their parents. They unconsciously want you to make it better for them, just like a young child would. Teens are still struggling with how to tolerate disappointment appropriately and how to pivot when faced with limits they don’t like.
With all of the changes surrounding COVID and losses of familiar and beloved activities, the natural challenges with shifting, flexibility and planning for transitions for many kids with ADHD are intensified. Of course, when they are triggered, emotional and verbal impulse control fly out of the window.
Recognizing shame in ADHD tweens and teens
Underneath all of their bluster, many defiant tweens and teens suffer from low self-esteem and shame. They need tools for expressing themselves appropriately and signs of parental support for their attempts to use these techniques, even if they’re not completely successful. You’ve got to remember that, while they may seem to enjoy the sense of power in the moment, they really don’t like the conflict any more than you do. It’s just that they lack skills.
Follow these steps to change the cycle of defiance:
1. Acknowledge their frustration
Instead of convincing your tween or teen why things aren’t the way they perceive them, validate their feelings. Mirror what you hear them say with language like “I hear that you are upset about X” or “What you’re telling me is Y.” When kids feel seen and heard, they’ll begin to slow down.
2. Set ground rules about acceptable behavior
Discuss with them what ways of expressing anger or displeasure is appropriate and what are not. Be specific about language and physical actions. Set up incentives for cooperating and logical consequences for obstruction. For instance, “If you curse at me, you will not earn the privilege of your phone for the rest of the day.” Or, “If you can go through a day and not scream or break something, you’ll earn extra screen time.” Work with incentives that matter to them.
3. Plan for arguments
Let’s face it, you will get into fights. Instead of being surprised each time this happens, identify signs that you are heading into the red zone and how to take a planned, timed break. Make a list of acceptable choices for this “Calm-me-down” time and post it in the kitchen and bedrooms. Separate for an agreed-upon time until you can re-convene without hot tempers. For some kids, this break may need to be a few hours. That’s okay.
4. Decide what’s next
Instead of trying to teach a lesson, talk about what’s needed to move on. Ask questions, listen and reflect back what you hear. Wonder about alternative choices you both could have made in that instant or could make in the future. Collaborate on an action for moving on. Refer back to your agreement about ground rules while staying compassionate but firm. You can talk about any lessons at another time, perhaps the next day in the car or perhaps at a scheduled hour.
It’s really important to notice and validate the activities and emotions that your defiant teen is becoming triggered. This type of validation will lower their rage and shame. Your goal is to cool the flames in the moment and follow your collaborative agreement. Teaching lessons will come later.
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